Say @
arghx7 (is that how you tag people lol), that pdf tells us that the direct injection happens late in the compression cycle...which means it has barely any time to vaporize! Does the fuel actually end up completely vaporizing? If not, that seems like it would be even worse than port injection, which only wastes the cooling power of the fuel, whereas not being able to fully vaporize the fuel would mean losing a significant amount of heat of combustion.