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The 2.5L turbo Subarus are pretty famous for cracking the ring landing on the #4 piston. I did many years ago when I had an EJ257 block in my 02 WRX. Poor tunes on the 08-09 WRX/STi models led to those failures even on stock cars. People got tunes as a reliability investment.
It's very easy to tell with a compression test. The smoking on startup happens with the cracked ringlands, here is a video:
[ame="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OmdBgNEWHaQ"]2007 STI Limited - Start Up Exhaust Smoke - YouTube[/ame]
But the codes you are getting aren't indicative of it and usually there is no associated noise/rough running until things get really bad.
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