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NOx levels rise as AFR goes lean, it's not related to the style of fuel injection.
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The carbon deposition problem on GDI engines is due to EGR and/or PCV routing "dirty" air through the intake and the gasoline not being injected far enough upstream to perform its wonderful solvency and wash away the deposits. Gasoline is a fantastic solvent; it doesn't need over-marketed "additives" to significantly improve is ability to clean.
The best solution for GDI engines is to not have either PCV or EGR; then the only source for "dirty" air is whatever gets through the air filter.
So yes, Toyota's D4-S is just a band-aid for being legally stuck having to keep PCV on the car from the factory. Damn red tape.
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"Wisdom is a not a function of age, but a function of experience."
Just Say No to unqualified aftermarket products.
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