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Traction Control System (TCS) will specifically reduce throttle in the event rear wheel slip is detected when on-throttle, which will in turn cause the engine to adjust fueling and timing to match. In general, gasoline engines use airflow as the primary control, and other responses occur after detecting changes in airflow. In the early gen1, full on was a quite intrusive cut and sport mode not much better. Later gen1 both were adjusted to give some more wiggle room, and I imagine the gene is similar to this.
Vehicle Stability Control (VSC) which is also on in regular and sport/track modes will apply pressure to individual brakes if the sensors in the car detect that the driver has degraded control of the vehicle. Mostly this means it wants to keep the car moving forward instead of sideways or spinning.
Electronic differential (E-Diff) applies pressure to a single rear wheel if it detects one spinning faster than the other. This is on in all three normal, sport/track, and off modes.
Electronic Brake Force Distribution (EBFD) adjusts the brake bias when you are braking in an attempt to keep individual wheels from locking. This is on in all three normal, sport/track, and off modes.
Antilock Brake System (ABS) detects wheel slippage under braking and modulates the brakes in an attempt to prevent full lock up. This is on in all three selectable modes as well as pedal dance mode.
My normal driving mode is long press off on a dry day, and sport mode on a wet day. If it's snow/ice, I adjust for conditions and what kind of driving I am doing.
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