https://www.hella.com/techworld/us/T...n-sensor-3899/
"The task of the camshaft sensor is to work with the crankshaft sensor to define the exact position of the crankshaft drive. Through the combination of both sensor signals, the engine control unit knows when the first cylinder is in the top dead point.
This information is needed for three purposes:
For the start of injection during sequential injection.
For the actuation signal of the solenoid valve for the pump-nozzle injection system.
For cylinder-selective knocking control."
The camshaft if probably fine. It likely threw an error for whatever reason owing to the way that you stalled the car.
The grinding was probably the engine continuing to fire, leading to something torqueing against the transmission being in gear and causing something to slip in a way it shouldn't. It could also just be psychological. You didn't hear anything other than the engine dying. The car is most certainly fine. If the engine and clutch can take a few 7K RPM clutch dumps without breaking (not recommended), stalling while starting is unlikely to break anything.