My setup:
Sony ECMCS3 plugged into a ~6 ft 3.5 mm extension cable plugged into Sony ICD-PX440 (you can find a much newer model).
I tried plugging in the mic into a GoPro 5 through the expensive GoPro mic adapter,
and the sound was significantly worse than with an external recorder.
Here's the microphone placement:
The microphone is wrapped into
these wind muffs, although this might be an overkill.
To mount the mic on the rear bumper, I wrapped it into a zip tie, keeping the loose end of the zip tie facing down.
Then I put painter's tape on the loose end of the zip tie, and some more on the cable going into the trunk.
Here's the sound I get: