I've spent my afternoon diagnosing a P0500 error code after installing extended wheel nuts and figured I'd share my experiences here. Hoping it helps the next person who is experiencing this issue.
Since I like to understand the system to better diagnose the issue, I found this
helpful. To use the video's terms, our cars appear to have an "Active ABS wheel speed sensor" with an "multi-pole magnetic encoder" (axial type). The magnetic encoder is part of the wheel bearing assembly. So, the only two parts to the system are the vehicle speed sensor and the wheel bearing. There is a metal ring that is attached to the axle (part number 28437FG000) - I believe that ring's only function is to keep dirt, water, and debris from affecting the wheel speed sensor. However, there is a possibility that it affects the magnetic fields needed for the wheel speed sensor to work properly (I am *not* an electrical engineer)
So, for folks that experiencing this issue after removing their hubs. Do you use a magnetic parts tray? I typically don't use mine often, but I might of when installing the extended wheel studs and put the hub too close to it at some point. I have a replacement wheel hub on order and will let folks know if this resolves the issue. I initially ordered a replacement sensor (which did not solve the issue), so my issue must be the wheel bearing.
Other notes:
1) If you a device that reads CAN (I was using a RaceCapture Track mk2), the wheel speed sensor will read 3766 kph or 2340 mph when there's no signal detected
2) The value is read immediately when putting the car into on/run. So, the ECU will know right away if it's bad.
3) If you are seeing the ludicrous speed numbers, you won't see good numbers until you turn the car off and then back on again (IT solution #1). So, if you forget to plug your sensor in, you'll have to turn the car off and back on after replugging in the sensor for it to be detected properly.
4) You can test the wheel speed sensors by swapping them and manually spinning the wheels.
5) RaceCapture Track mk2 makes a good diagnostic tool because I can see values for various CAN data and the formulas used to convert it into something usable. Since it also connects to your phone via Bluetooth, you have a wireless screen. Nice when I'm manually turning the wheels to see if the wheel speed sensors are working properly.
Anyways, I hope my ramblings help somebody out.