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Caused by user error or contaminated studs.
I have never stripped or broken a wheel stud when doing it right, i.e. hand thread on first turn or two then gun/wrench if needed. I always use cloth to clean threads, and if open ended lugs I take extra care to clean them up when wheels come off.
Studs get some dirt/grime on them and any extra resistance causes it to cross thread and break.
My experience is 20 years of DIY work on all my cars, plus about 200 track days on/off over that period. Lots of wheel changes, sometimes 3-5 times a day, never broke a stud.
Key is to not rush the work. Don't swap wheels like you're a NASCAR mechanic. Aftermarket studs like ARP only give you a false sense of security, you can still break those studs... just a lot harder and a lot messier when you do.
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