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The further away the hole is from the pivot (chassis), the moment arm increases in length, which means motion ratio increases. It can be used as a fine tuning method.
Further from center of chassis the lower shock mount is, the stiffer the spring will seem. Having the lower shock mount closer to the pivot point will decrease the effect of the spring and damper.
You can think of it as holding a book with your arm fully extended outwards vs. holding a book closer to you. The further the load, the more torque (force) it requires.
For the sway bars, typically you want the rod end to be perpendicular to the control arm when the car is on the ground, so you can choose the hole accordingly. You can also use that as another fine tuning method to increase or decrease the effect of the sway bar.
I would imagine the lower set of holes are for lower ride height vehicles to allow the shock to retain as much travel and to not bind the sway bar links.
Tried simplifying concepts from freshman year of Mechanical Engineering. Let me know if you would like a more thorough explanation.
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