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The small batteries like you show are AGM (Absorbent Glass Mat) batteries, and they are sealed. The batteries still have a built in vent system for if/when the battery is over charged, it can relieve pressure to keep from exploding. They will put off a hydrogen gas which can be dangerous in large amounts, but in most cases they don't expel enough to be really hazardous. Are they supposed to be vented to the outside? Yes. Does it really make a difference in every day use? Probably not.
The way I see it, if you do a nice sealed box and vent it, you will never have to worry about it. If the battery does indeed puff out some smoke, or even rupture, it's not blowing around in your interior. May save you from a fire or lung damage.
Not to mention, you can throw whatever you want in the car and not worry about shorting out the battery.
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