The bath to hydrogen would require energy to make (even more than for EVs), which would require sustainable infrastructure anyways, and it would require an even greater investment in converting and building out a hydrogen delivery system.

Battery swapping and sodium sulfur batteries could remove every geopolitical situation. The US can move to EVs with entire independence from global resources if it wants.

Nothing new here (as the article even alludes to) but like it or not it's an "offensive stereotype" that shouldn't be tolerated, and I don't.

So stop it, and get off my lawn.

Those were just examples that could cause the path to branch. What if, for example, someone could figure out how to pull Hydrogen directly from the atmosphere through some magical process that doesn't exist yet? It's not like "magical" processes don't get developed all the time. Heck, we're using one to have this conversation. No one 100 years ago would have thought we'd be doing this Internet thing.

As far as battery swapping, I know you're an enthusiast but I still think that won't be happening, at least not in the US.

Especially not until there is any kind of standardization throughout the industry on battery packs. They have standardized other things before though so not out of the realm of possibility.

It's OK to wear a tiger suit all day and shit into a "dignity tube" though.

Is California doing anything to their electrical grid over the next decade?

They can't even sustain their current electrical load

Don’t try to censor me. No one likes cancel culture. I can say what I want :popcorn:

Not to mention the size and scale of a CAR battery swap.
This isnt a garden mower and electric trimmer sharing a 20v battery the size of a tissue box or AA/AAA/C/D batteries that fit in the palm of your hand.

This is a battery pack for a car.......a battery pack that probably weighs a thousand pounds and is the size of a king sized mattress...

No one is gonna have the capability to store and move around this thing in their house without some kind of lift/trolley, and any kind of swapping stations would need to be the size of a warehouse and fully automated....with electricity running through it 24/7 to store keep charging depleted batteries.

Sounds awesome :thumbup:

A cope trailer:D

If bacteria could digest food and release hydrogen then maybe, but they would still need a substrate like wood, plastic, etc; would it be renewable? Could it be done at scale? It could happen. Maybe we could genetically engineer or use an evolutionary process to evolve a bacteria to produce hydrogen. Outside of that, I see no other way to produce hydrogen without using something that could produce electricity or doesn’t require electricity. Can you?

NIO looks to enter the US market in 2025. Swapping will be popular in the future unless batteries see a huge bump in power density and charge rate. Until then, I’m a bull on swapping, especially if your scenario of a materials bottleneck and supply dependence pushes the market towards batteries that favor swapping. Hopefully we are both wrong.

Yes. Millions of new homes with solar and dozens of large scale projects in the billions.

https://www.renewableenergyworld.com...ables-by-2023/

We have rolling blackouts during windy conditions to avoid fires certain times of the year. Occasionally a heat wave with high use that occurs during times of low supply can require rolling blackouts. This year we had less heat and more hydro, so we didn’t need much. There are times the state ran completely on renewables too during low usage and high supply moments.

NIO has done millions of battery swaps. Their third gen stations can perform a swap in four minutes and do 408 swaps per day. Not as huge as a warehouse.

https://asia.nikkei.com/Spotlight/El...-swap-stations

https://youtube.com/watch?v=xjeRjDkKHs8&feature=share8

I could see in the future doing many smaller manageable cells that could be interchangeable if they could settle on a standard. They would still likely need a lift to get out still. An overseas company in my industry tried doing a hot swap battery setup with a smaller lithium pack instead of opportunity charging but it is like 40lbs and tougher to manage by hand then it looks on paper. I don't see hot swapping on EV's as something you would be doing at home, it would have to be like a gas station.

Another issue is different chemistries need different charge parameters. So if you have NCM's, you'd need all NCM's. Or you would also need an identifier in the BMS for the chemistry so if you were to charge these at home you are getting the correct charge profile for the chemistry of that particular pack. Current packs are modular cells already that are series/paralleled together to get desired voltage and capacity.