Quote:
@JRitt
About 30 years ago I was friends with a guy who was into hill climbing in a big way. We were discussing brakes and he said brake ducting on road cars was a bad idea. The story went something like this: if you were using hard pads on a street car they would never get up to temperature and when you used them on a track thermal shock was much greater (i.e. a much faster heating and cooling cycle). He said this wasn't a problem with race cars because the discs were replaced often but if you didn't replace them they were more prone to cracking.
Your thoughts please.
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Brake ducts on a road car are not a bad idea, you just have to know how to manage them. When a disc is run on the track, the iron expands quite a bit due to heat. When it cools off, it shrinks. The constant heating and cooling, growing and contracting, is what stresses the metal and causes it to crack. Since cooling ducts provide greater airflow and cooling to the discs, they increase the rate of cooling.
Ideally, your discs and pads would maintain a nice steady temperature on the track, without any violent swings upward or downward in temperature. In that situation, the consistency of the brakes would be very good...pads and discs stay at the same temp, and maintain a consistent mu (coefficient of friction). The discs aren't oscillating up and down in temperature, so they aren't as prone to cracking.
Race teams keep a close watch on brake temperatures, and they shoot to eliminate wild swings in temperature. They have a target temperature range based on the pads and overall brake setup they are running for a given track. They can adjust how much cooling air is allowed into the brake ducts, by blocking the duct inlets on the front of the car. If you watch a race at certain tracks, you'll see brake ducts that are partially (or even fully) blocked off.
On a track that is really tough on brakes, you may need as much cooling air as possible, just to keep the brakes in a temperature range where they aren't fading. On a different track however, you may have one very high speed, hard stop, followed by long straights and some low speed stops. In such a case, the brakes would have plenty of time to cool down, even without ducting. If the ducts are wide open, they could introduce so much cool air that the pads don't work as well by the time the car gets back to the hard stop (most race pads don't work great cold...mu varies by temperature), and the discs will get quite a shock going from rather cool (several hundred degrees F) to very hot (possibly 1200F+) during the short time span of that stop. In that case, it would make sense to
not use the ducts, in order to keep some heat in the pads and discs during the cooler running portion of the track. That way the upward temp swing isn't as great when you get back to the hard stop, and the pads are already closer to their ideal operating temp.
Also keep in mind that pro race cars have different setups for different tracks. In NASCAR for example, they run heavy duty equipment on a road course like Watkins Glen, whereas on a super speedway that isn't so tough on brakes, they'll run the lightest equipment possible...different calipers, discs, and pads.
For most of the enthusiast, track day, club race guys like us, we don't have the luxury of multiple brake setups. We have one setup, and we have to make it work the best we can. We can use disc paint, which shows the max temp. the discs have reached. Caliper temperature stickers are also available, and you can have a friend check temps with a pyrometer in the hot pits. That is all valuable info to get an understanding of how your brakes are working and the temps they are reaching. Real-time temperature collection is more difficult and expensive.
Then you have to interpret that data based on the tracks you're running and the demands you are placing on the brakes. Are you having any pad fade, are you exceeding the max temps. recommended for the pads you're running, is your pedal getting mushy (fluid fade)??? Then you can decide if you need more or less cooling air, size of duct opening, etc. It's something that takes time and experimentation until you can really dial it in, but every car setup, track, and driver is different. What works for one person in a certain situation, may not be ideal for the next.